Mozilla


21
Aug 09

Adventures of the Mind

I’m in Princeton, NJ, at the Institute of Advanced Studies (home to many amazing people & events, like Einstein, Oppenheimer, von Neuman, and more) for an event called Adventures of the Mind — 150 high potential high school students from across the US gathered together. They’ve also invited ~40 mentors to give talks about how we got from there (high school) to here — flash talks of 10 minutes or so. So far last night & this morning, we’ve heard from 2 Nobel Laureates in Physics (of the 9 who are here!), 2 poet laureates of the US (including Billy Collins, who is hilarious and read some amazing poetry), we’ve heard from John Maeda and Annie Duke and Senator Patrick Leahy just got on stage to talk. So an intimidating lineup, for sure.

For the record, when they announced that I work for Mozilla on Firefox, everyone burst into applause, so that helped a lot. :-)

The emerging theme is that everyone who’s had any type of success has had more than their fair share of mistakes, of periods of muddling through.

Anyhow, this is what I said during my 10 minutes…

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I started preparing for this talk like I always do: by blogging & tweeting. I asked people what sorts of advice they’d give to their high school selves that wouldn’t sound like safely ignorable advice from an old guy. I didn’t get back a ton that met that test, honestly, except the sentiment that no matter what I said, it’ll probably sound like advice from an old guy (I’m a little sensitive about getting older now because I just got back from my 20th high school reunion!).

Vicky asked me to talk today about how we got where we are, and what we did to get here, and where we’re heading.

So as I started thinking about what to talk with all of you about, I found that I kept thinking about the turning points in my life — the inflection points where something I did or decided had a really profound impact on what my life would become. And it’s not that hard — I can look back at the 20 years or so since I was sitting where you were (more or less), and pinpoint a bunch of them — maybe 5 or 10 that really made a difference.
And here’s the thing: thinking back on all of them, when I was making those decisions, I never really had much idea that they were very important decisions. Let me say that again: for most of the important turning points in my life, I treated them with a little less seriousness than, you know, buying my next iPod. Now, I’m not saying that I didn’t recognize that sometimes decisions would have effects, or that I didn’t take them seriously. What I’m saying is that a bunch of decisions that I thought were really important turned out to be not important at all, and some things I decided to do just for fun changed everything (like when I went to visit an old high school friend in Jamaica who would eventually become my wife.)

Here’s a quick story to illustrate a turning point that I didn’t realize until much later. When I was a junior in college, I had decided to major in computer science, and was starting to get interested in something called Human Computer Interaction — designing systems for people to be able to use them effectively. I went to a lunchtime seminar by a guy named Robert Cailliau — a physicist from Switzerland of all places — and he brought with him a giant black computer called a NeXT — Steve Jobs’ creation that would eventually turn into the Macintosh that we know today. He started giving a demo of a program where you could bring up a page full of text and pictures, and click on blue underlined text to get to other pages full of text and pictures. And I remember saying to myself, “Huh, I guess that’s sort of neat — text & pictures, click click click.” And the next thing I remember was waking up when everyone was gathering up all their stuff to leave — I had fallen asleep — and missed, of course, the first demonstration I’d ever seen (or most people had ever seen) of the World Wide Web. So there you go — one of those powerful inflection points in my life — and I slept through it.

My theme throughout my few minutes here is going to be this: you never know when a decision you make is going to have a profound effect in your life. At least, I’ve never been able to tell. So my coping strategy — what I do to make everything work for me — is try to put myself into situations where there are tons of great choices, tons of great people, tons of great outcomes possible — so that it makes the odds that I make some really important & good choices that much better.

In high school, I felt like had everything pretty together — I loved math & physics in particular, and did pretty well — figured that I’d major in physics and if I didn’t get straight A pluses, I’d mostly get them. So of course I got to Stanford my freshman year, took my first physics class and proceeded to get my ass kicked. It was pretty horrifying, actually. Have you ever seen those bar charts with the numbers of people who got each grade? A histogram distribution of how everyone did? Yeah, so I had my own solitary bar, way over to the left hand side of the chart — and that’s not the good side. I quickly decided maybe physics wouldn’t be for me, but I did really start to enjoy computer science, and that’s where I focused.

Anyway, from Stanford I went to a startup in Austin where I realized I’d never be world class at programming or designing, but I could be world class at some other stuff — things like finding great people and hiring them and building awesome groups.

After a couple of years I went back to Apple, where I had been an intern during college — put yourself into situations where there are mostly great choices, remember? 1997 was an odd time at Apple — it’s when Steve came back and changed the place immediately — he’d always been a bit of an idol of mine. But as he started making decisions to change Apple, I saw them hurt a lot of the people there who I really cared about and respected — so then, at age 26, I decided it was time to start creating my own thing, and I set off with my mentor from Apple, my 2 best friends, and we started our own company, Reactivity. And through Reactivity, I got to meet and work with many of the people I’m closest to now & who are my mentors and peers and co-conspirators.

We did that for 7 years before I decided it was time for me to do something else. (and a little while after I left, Reactivity was bought by Cisco, a happy event for everyone.)

And then, as I say, another accident. I was looking around for what to do next — I thought I might start a new company or become a venture capitalist — but during that time I got to know this little team of people at Mozilla — there were probably 15 employees at the time (but a much larger community) — they had just released Firefox about 6 months earlier, and they were changing the world. So I joined. My basic line of reasoning went like this: how often do you get a chance to really change the world?

I think not all that much, to be honest. Since then, I’ve moved through a few jobs at Mozilla, becoming the CEO about 18 months ago. Now we’re up to about 250 employees around the world — places like California and Toronto and Paris and Tokyo and Beijing and Auckland — and about 300 million people (nearly 25% of the web) use our software each month to interact with the web.

Now we’re spending our time on a few things: working on making Firefox on Windows & Mac & Linux better than ever — we just released version 3.5 last month, and are already working on the next few. We’ve got a mobile version coming out — not for iPhone yet, but for some other handhelds — because it’s pretty clear that everyone is going to be using the web in their pocket from here on out. We’re a 250 person company that’s competing with Microsoft & Apple & Google — all of whom are relentlessly working on and improving their own browsers. So it’s never dull. Competing with these guys — playing on this level — is brutal — there’s always more to do just to stay in place, there are always challenges to react to. But now that I’ve done it, it’s hard to imagine not being in this environment.

Craig Newmark, founder of Craigslist, a couple of days ago in Aspen said as a joke that he was like the Forrest Gump of the Internet — and you’re all too young to even know what that reference is, but it comes from a movie where the title character, Forrest Gump, was accidentally around some of the most interesting events in the world over the period of his life. For Craig to say that is ridiculous, of course. The real thing is that Craig is a very smart dude, and he’s been in situations where being smart and making choices can really matter. And so he’s been able to change the world.

I’ll leave you with a couple of other thoughts, both given to me by one of my mentors, a professor at Stanford named Tom Kosnik.

  • find your peer group & treat them right — that means look around, find the peers who you really like and respect — and keep in touch with them, visit with them, call them a lot (don’t just facebook them!)
  • do things that make your soul sing — this one’s easier, and I suspect will be a theme this weekend. But the shorthand is this: if you’re not loving what you’re doing, you’ve got to find something else to do. (which isn’t to say you shouldn’t work hard, or that it should always be fun — just that you should enjoy the overall thing that you’re doing.)

Last thing: take a few minutes to write down what you’re feeling as you go through life — and take a picture or two — you’ll end up doing some amazing things, and later on you’ll value being able to go back and try to see through your younger eyes, trying to imagine and remember who you were and how it felt.


19
Aug 09

Why I’m Attending FOCAS 2009

As I mentioned, I’ve been in Aspen this week at The Aspen Institute’s Forum on Communications & Society (specifically titled: Of the Press: Models for Preserving American Journalism). It’s been a very interesting couple of days, and I’ve got a lot of new ideas to make sense of and synthesize. First a bit of background, then a little bit on what’s gone on here and what interesting ideas have been put forward, then I’ll try to pull it all together with some thoughts. As I’m writing this, it’s getting a little long, so I think I’ll split into 2 posts: this one about why I’m attending, and the next one about the meeting & some thoughts.

Why I Came

I don’t know very much about journalism — next to nothing, really. But I do think that some aspects of journalism are critical if you want to have an engaged citizenry — a strong & free press is essential for any of us to know and understand enough about the world we live in to participate and engage. I think, too, that there are aspects of our American press that have historically served  us extremely well and are worth preserving. And of course, it’s impossible not to see the turmoil and change that the whole sector is going through — the disappearance of major papers is only the most visible. One thing I think I hadn’t really internalized is that the global economic crisis is really changing the situation much more rapidly than usually happens. Because of the financial pressure, old institutions don’t have the buffer that they might have had in better times — leading to much shorter time frames to layoffs and shutdowns. I think much of this was coming anyway — the crisis just accelerated all of it.

I’ve also been struck lately by some of the parallels of  mission of journalists (roughly, to enable engaged & informed participation) and Mozilla  (to insure an open & participatory Internet). So that’s one reason I decided to come — to learn as much as I could.

The third reason I decided to come is that there’s something new afoot in the world: lots of organizations are being created to serve a public interest — on very low cost models (enabled essentially by the Web) — and competing with traditional profit-oriented ventures. At Mozilla we call that type of organization a “hybrid,” and Mark Surman has been writing about that idea a lot lately. For that, I came in the spirit of sharing what we’ve learned at Mozilla as we’ve become a sustainable hybrid company — maybe some of what we’ve learned can be helpful to others.

But I have to say that mostly I came, as with any event, is because of the other people who were planning to attend and participate. I was invited by Alberto Ibargüen, CEO of the Knight Foundation, and all around awesome person. He’s done much since coming to Knight to reform the way they supported and funded new organizations, starting programs like the Knight News Challenge, as a way to create a sort of prize economy around innovations in journalism. (They’ve also provided funding for work at PCF, where I’m on the board of directors.) What they’re doing at Knight is a model to be emulated, I think — lots of experiments, lots of support, lots of provocative questions.

But beyond just Alberto, here’s a sampling of some of the 50 or so people who are here: Vivian Shiller (CEO of NPR), Esther Dyson, Jeff Jarvis (CUNY Professor), Marissa Mayer (VP Google), Dean Singleton (Chair of the AP), Marcus Brauchli (Exec Ed of The Washington Post), Walter Isaacson (biographer & CEO of Aspen Institute), Madeline Albright (former US Secretary of State), Reed Hundt (former Chair FCC), Jon Leibowitz (Chair FTC), Michael Kinsley, Sue Gardner (ED of Wikimedia), Craig Newmark (founder of Craigslist), Robert Rosenthal (ED of CIR), Paul Steigler (CEO of Pro Publica).

And those are just a few of the names I picked out looking at the list just now — it’s neat to be a part of such a small & accomplished group — and is especially great when it’s on a topic I’m just learning about. :-)

Finally, and beyond all the basic reasons for coming, I’ve learned that it’s important to try to pop out of operational work from time to time. It’s easy in the day-to-day of Mozilla to get obsessed with solving problems, with getting roadblocks moved out, with the details of trying to make things work. But being too much in those details for too long means, for me, that I sometimes lose sight of the bigger picture — being around others in a new context helps to reframe the things that matter in work and in life.

So that’s why I’m here: to learn and to participate and to help where I can. It’s been a successful event from that perspective for me.


31
Jul 09

More on Printers, from Bigelow

A couple of days ago, I posted something about how I’m playing around with @font-face (and since then have also been experimenting with TypeKit, which I use for the headlines you see here). Generated a bit of discussion, but one of the things I mentioned at the end of my post was a class I took at Stanford 15 years ago called Concepts of Text, and taught by Charles Bigelow, a well-known font designer — his foundry did the font family Lucida, for example, and the System 7 city fonts, among many, many others.

One of the classes I remember fondly for being a little wacky (and interesting) was when he gave a talk about typographers who were persecuted for the material they were typesetting.

After I posted the other day, Professor Bigelow somehow found the post and gave us a little primer, which I include below because of the high awesomeness quotient. Really made my day – favorite comment ever. :-)

Nice to hear, after all these years, that somebody remembers those classes. :-)

Just in case the names and dates have faded from memory, here’s a brief refresher.

Antoine Augereau, Parisian printer and type designer, reputedly the teacher of Garamond. hanged and burned on Christmas Eve, 1534, on (supposedly trumped up) charges of printing heretical placards.

Etienne Dolet, printer of Lyon and Paris, burned at the stake on August 3, 1546, in Paris, on charges of blasphemy, sedition, and selling prohibited books.

Martin l’Homme, hanged in 1560 for printing a pamphlet against a Cardinal.

That all happened a long time ago, but in the 20th century, Sophie Scholl, among others in the White Rose society, was guillotined on charges of treason, on February 22, 1943, for distributing pamphlets against Nazi genocide on the Eastern Front.

I’m sure that somewhere there is good news about printers, too. :-)


27
Jul 09

Why I’m messing with fonts

If you come to the web-based version of my blog instead of reading it in a feed reader, and you use a modern browser — Firefox and Safari, at least, and maybe some versions of Chrome — you may have noticed I’ve been experimenting with using different fonts.

I’ve been doing this for a couple of reasons, neither of which is particularly related to the readability and aesthetics of the blog.

The first reason, and more important of the two, is that I wanted to experiment with the new @font-face support in Firefox 3.5. I have a strongly held point of view that you don’t really learn about something until you do it — and since I have a bit of an affinity to fonts, I thought I should try @font-face out on my own blog. I discovered a few different things in this process.

First, there are not a lot of really good fonts online that are licensed for use on web sites — either free & open fonts or purchased fonts. I think both categories (free and non-free) will see more & higher quality fonts available soon, since fonts are available now to so many more users than before. (@font-face was not new with Firefox, but obviously Firefox brings a lot of users along.)

Second, you learn a lot about your web server & how quick it can send data, since in addition to your web content now it’s gotta send font files that are 50-100 KB or more. My server, for the record, totally sucked. Now it’s better, but not as quick as I’d really like.

Third, the differences in implementations really become apparent. Safari opts to wait until a font file is loaded before showing any text rendered in that font; Firefox renders the text in already-resident fonts and then sort of “pops” the text into the new font when it downloads. That shows pretty clearly a difference in aesthetic between WebKit and Gecko (and probably the organizations behind them): WebKit (and Apple) prefers a solution to minimize visual divergence — so you never see text in the wrong font. Gecko (and Mozilla) prefers a solution to get people reading content as quickly as they can, even if it means a momentary rendering in sub-optimal font — because a lot of times people want to get to their content as quickly as possible. Anyhow, different decisions that will impact designers and consumers differently.

Finally, it helps us figure out where the bugs are. One of the initial fonts I used didn’t have some ligatures implemented — “ff” in particular — and Firefox handled that by just not showing anything. :-)

[As an aside, I've been tracking TypeKit since before they launched, and am quite optimistic about their prospects. I'll try them out as soon as they open up the beta.]

The second reason I wanted to experiment is that I’m a bit of a font nerd. Have been since my mom got her first Mac in 1985. I really like type and lettering and the way that it affects how people feel and think. One of my favorite classes at Stanford was called “Concepts of Text” and taught by a type designer named Charles Bigelow — among other things, we had a couple of classes about typesetters who were burned at the stake for typesetting heretical documents. Good times.

Anyhow, I like type, and am really excited by the prospect of more sophisticated typography coming to the web. And as much as I like Helvetica — and I do! and you should, too, not to mention you should go see the movie — I feel like on the web today there’s a bit of a Tyranny of Helvetica — it’s somehow viewed as the most appropriate type for, you know, everything.

So I’m experimenting, and will probably do it more. Right now, I’m over-using (not to mention sort of mis-using) 2 fonts on this blog. I’m using Graublau Sans for the headlines — it’s an free/open license font designed for larger display settings. And I’m using Spiekermann’s newer font Axel for the body type — it was really designed for very small type — especially in cells in Excel spreadsheets, for example — but I liked that it has many similarities with his Meta typeface, which happens to be the one we use for the “Mozilla” and “Firefox” and “Thunderbird” wordmarks — but also had a relatively inexpensive (under $100 US) @font-face compatible license available for purchase from FontShop.

If I have some time this week I’m going to try to make some of the more egregious readability problems I’ve caused…um, I guess I’ll strive to make them less egregious. But we’ll see.

I do know that it’s fun to experiment with type again.


4
Jun 09

Onward

(photo credit: Jay Goldman)

To tell you the truth, I didn’t know what to expect 4 summers ago when I started at Mozilla. We were in our (extremely small) space on Villa St; Firefox was taking off; I was quickly learning that the Mozilla-style of doing things did not quite match what I expected. I knew that it was an important project; I knew it had smart, unique leaders; I knew that I didn’t understand much about how it could possibly, you know, actually exist.

But it was an undeniably exciting time — tons of people were using and discovering Firefox — there were probably something like 20 million users at that time. Firefox 1.5 was nearly finished; Thunderbird 1.5 was on the way. And it just felt like there was a ton of promise and opportunity on the web that hadn’t been there a year before.

A couple of months after I started we moved into our current offices at 1981 Landings Drive (pictured above), and in the intervening 4 years, tons and tons has happened. Mozilla has grown, of course — into a network of community and contributors around the world that create a product that’s in more than 70 languages and used by more than 300 million people. But the web itself has gone through an enormous explosion of innovation. When we moved into this office in late 2005 was a time before YouTube became huge (they were just 6 months old) — and was really before video on the web was meaningful. It was before Facebook was big — would be another year until they opened up to everyone. And of course it was way before Twitter came on the scene.

And, of course, the world of the browser looks incredibly, impossibly, and wonderfully different today than it did then, with a faster-than-ever Firefox dropping soon, an improved IE8, and Safari, Opera and Chrome each competing and innovating. Oh, and the whole mobile browsing thing happened, too.

In just the four years that we’ve been here — out of the 11 since the Mozilla project started — the web has been transformed, and has itself transformed so much of the way we live our lives. It’s easy to gloss over, since we see the changes every day — and it’s easy to see the road that we’ve traveled on as being inevitable — but it really wasn’t. The reason we have a vibrant, open web today is because of millions of little decisions and contributions made by thousands of people in that timeframe — people who work on browsers, people who build web sites & applications, people who evangelize for standards, people who use the web and ask/demand that it be better.

Leaving this building for our new home at 650 Castro (which, for the eagle-eyed Netscape historian will look familiar) gives me a bit of a chance to reflect on how much our world has changed while we’ve been here, as well as the part Mozilla’s had in effecting that change.

And I have to say that looking forward, I can’t wait to see what the next 4 or 5 years brings, and what we can do from our new home & vantage point. The web continues to be the driver of an unprecedented amount of change, and I don’t see that slowing down any time soon.

So as Mitch likes to say: onward.